EU

Meet the Team

Stephen Aylward, Ph.D.

Senior Director of Strategic Initiatives

Business Development
Company Leadership
Medical Computing

Kitware North Carolina
Carrboro, NC

15 Years Service at Kitware

Ph.D. in Computer Science
University of North Carolina

Cert. in Artificial Intelligence
Washington University

M.S. in Artificial Intelligence
Georgia Institute of Technology

B.S. in Computer Science
Purdue University

Stephen Aylward

Stephen Aylward, Ph.D., is the senior director of strategic initiatives and founder of Kitware’s North Carolina office. He helps drive multiple research and open source software development projects at Kitware. Over the past 25+ years, Stephen has conducted medical image analysis research covering nearly every aspect of health care, including screening, diagnosis, treatment planning, guidance, and outcome assessment for mammography, neurosurgery, partial liver transplantation, retinopathy of prematurity, stroke, traumatic brain injury, pre-clinical cancer studies, and others. He has also been instrumental in the creation of the Insight Toolkit (ITK), was the engineering core PI for 3D Slicer for several years, has provided leadership for VolView and vtk.js, and is Chair of the MONAI advisory board for medical image deep learning. He is a Fellow of the MICCAI Society.

Stephen’s current research is focused on the development of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) applications, the characterization of vascular morphology for disease assessment, and the advancement of multiple open source platforms such as MONAI, the open source deep learning library for medical imaging.

Stephen’s POCUS projects aim to improve the tools used by first-responders and far-forward medics to positively impact patient morbidity and mortality. Injuries such as abdominal and brain traumas require immediate, yet patient-specific management. These projects are providing novel methods for identifying internal bleeding and increases in intracranial pressure. Stephen has been working closely with both academic and commercial organizations to develop systems for applying those methods without having to be an ultrasound expert.

Much of Stephen’s early career focused on extracting models of vasculature from MRA images for surgical planning. These models were registered with intraoperative ultrasound for surgical guidance. They were also studied over time to monitor the effects of surgery and radiation therapy and quantify vessel tortuosity as a measure of tumor malignancy and response to therapy. This work continues to shape much of his ongoing research. In particular, by coupling his early vessel tortuosity research with innovative tumor micro-environment imaging systems in academia (Paul Dayton, BME, UNC) and industry (SonoVol), we are fostering new discoveries in angiogenesis, tumor growth, and biomarkers for the early detection of micro-tumors.

In addition to his projects, Stephen is also involved in promoting cross-team initiatives within Kitware. These initiatives combine and deploy our technologies to enable our communities to more effectively solve larger and more complex problems. For example, integrating AI into Kitware’s web-based visualization applications, pairing our tools with innovative hardware (e.g. holographic displays), and distributing Kitware’s tools with industry-leading platforms (e.g. Python, cloud services, mobile devices, etc.).

Prior to joining Kitware, Stephen was a tenured associate professor of Radiology, Computer Science, and Surgery at UNC. He led the Computer-Aided Diagnosis and Display Laboratory that consisted of 13 faculty and staff members pursuing research projects in computer-aided diagnosis for mammography, neurosurgical planning and guidance, partial liver transplant planning, and cancer assessment based on vascular morphology.

During his time at UNC, Stephen saw the large gap between most medical imaging research and clinical needs/practice. This led to his ongoing work on intra-subject abdominal image registration in the presence of sliding organs, atlas-to-image registration in the presence of large pathologies (low-rank atlases), and registration in the presence of changing pathologies that may displace and/or infiltrate surrounding tissues (geometric metamorphosis). The resulting research and publications preceded a recent surge of activities in these areas. Stephen continues to be an adjunct associate professor for UNC’s Department of Computer Science where he assists on research projects and serves on dissertation committees.

Stephen received his Ph.D. in computer science from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 1997. In 1992, he earned his certification in artificial intelligence from Washington University. Stephen received his master’s degree in artificial intelligence from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1989 and his bachelor’s degree in computer science from Purdue University in 1988.

Professional Associations & Service

  • Advisory Board Chair, Medical Open Network for AI (MONAI) Advisory Board, 2019-present

  • Advisory Board Member, Johns Hopkins University’s Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotic, 2013-present

  • Advisory Board Member, Vanderbilt Institute of Surgery and Engineering, 2021-present

  • Advisory Board Member, National Center for Image Guided Surgery, 2022-present

  • Advisory Board Member, Imaging Data Commons, NCI/NIH, 2022-present

  • Treasurer, MICCAI Special Interest Group on Medical Ultrasound, 2020-present

  • Associate editor, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Transactions on Medical Imaging, 2002-2023

  • Associate editor, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Journal of Medical Imaging, 2013-2022

  • Organizer, Point-of-Care Ultrasound MICCAI Workshop, 2017-2018, 2020-2022

  • Co-Organizer, Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) Society Young Scientist Publication Impact Award, 2012-2021

  • Treasurer, MICCAI Society’s Executive Board of Directors, 2015-2021

  • Member, MICCAI Society’s Board of Directors, 2013-2021

  • Fellow, MICCAI Society, 2019

  • Senior member, IEEE Computer Society, 2017

  • Venue Chair, Information Processing in Medical Imaging (IPMI) Conference, 2017

  • Co-Chair, IEEE’s International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging Challenges, 2013, 2015-2017

  • Co-Chair, SPIE Medical Imaging Live Demonstrations Workshop, 2010-2017

  • President, Insight Software Consortium (ITK and CMake), 2003-2014

  • Co-Chair, SPIE Medical Imaging Computer-Aided Diagnosis Conference, 2013-2014

Publications

  1. S. Montgomery, F. Li, C. Funk, E. Peethumangsin, M. Morris, J. Anderson, A. Hersh, and S. Aylward, "Detection of pneumothorax on ultrasound using artificial intelligence," Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 379-384, Mar. 2023. [URL]
  2. J. Xu, G. Thevenon, T. Chabat, M. McCormick, F. Li, T. Birdsong, K. Martin, Y. Lee, and S. Aylward, "Interactive, in-browser cinematic volume rendering of medical images," Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1019-1026, Jul. 2023. [URL]
  3. S. Gerber, M. Niethammer, E. Ebrahim, J. Piven, S. Dager, M. Styner, S. Aylward, and A. Enquobahrie, "Optimal transport features for morphometric population analysis," Medical Image Analysis, vol. 84, pp. 102696, Feb. 2023. [URL]
  4. B. Moore, S. Montgomery, M. Niethammer, H. Greer, and S. Aylward, "Automatic Optic Nerve Sheath Measurement in Point-of-Care Ultrasound," in Medical Ultrasound, and Preterm, Perinatal and Paediatric Image Analysis. Springer International Publishing, 2020, pp. 23-32. [URL]
  5. T. Czernuszewicz, V. Papadopoulou, J. Rojas, R. Rajamahendiran, J. Perdomo, J. Butler, M. Herlacher, G. O'Connell, D. Zukić, S. Aylward, P. Dayton, and R. Gessner, "A preclinical ultrasound platform for widefield 3D imaging of rodent tumors," in American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting, 2019.
  6. H. Greer, S. Gerber, M. Niethammer, R. Kwitt, M. McCormick, D. Chittajallu, N. Siekierski, M. Oetgen, K. Cleary, and S. Aylward, "Scoliosis screening and monitoring using self contained ultrasound and neural networks," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, 2018. [URL]
  7. D. Chittajallu, M. McCormick, S. Gerber, T. Czernuszewicz, R. Gessner, M. Willis, M. Niethammer, R. Kwitt, and S. Aylward, "Image-based methods for phase estimation, gating and temporal super-resolution of cardiac ultrasound," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, pp. 1-1, 2018. [URL]
  8. S. Gerber, M. Niethammer, M. Styner, and S. Aylward, "Exploratory Population Analysis with Unbalanced Optimal Transport," in Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2018. Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 464-472. [URL]
  9. T. Czernuszewicz, V. Papadopoulou, J. Rojas, R. Rajamahendiran, J. Perdomo, J. Butler, M. Harlacher, G. O’Connell, D. Zukić, S. Aylward, P. Dayton, and R. Gessner, "A new preclinical ultrasound platform for widefield 3D imaging of rodents," Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 89, no. 7, pp. 075107, 2018. [URL]
  10. M. M McCormick, M. L Palmeri, J. Fillion-Robin, and S. Aylward, "SlicerITKUltrasound: A 3D Slicer extension for scan conversion of B-mode and next-generation ultrasound imaging modalities," The Journal of Open Source Software, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 153, Feb. 2017. [URL]
  11. X. Han, X. Yang, S. Aylward, R. Kwitt, and M. Niethammer, "Efficient registration of pathological images: A joint PCA/image-reconstruction approach," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, 2017. [URL]
  12. S. Gerber, M. Jallais, H. Greer, M. McCormick, S. Montgomery, B. Freeman, D. Kane, D. Chittajallu, N. Siekierski, and S. Aylward, "Automatic Estimation of the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter from Ultrasound Images," in Imaging for Patient-Customized Simulations and Systems for Point-of-Care Ultrasound. Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 113-120. [URL]
  13. M. Jallais, H. Greer, S. Gerber, M. McCormick, D. Chittajallu, N. Siekierski, and S. Aylward, "Ultrasound Augmentation: Rapid 3-D Scanning for Tracking and On-Body Display," in Imaging for Patient-Customized Simulations and Systems for Point-of-Care Ultrasound. Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 138-145. [URL]
  14. S. Shelton, P. Dayton, S. Aylward, and F. Foster, "The application of acoustic angiography to assess the progression of angiogenesis in a spontaneous mouse model of breast cancer," in IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), 2016. [URL]
  15. T. Kapur, S. Pieper, A. Fedorov, J. Fillion-Robin, M. Halle, L. O'Donnell, A. Lasso, T. Ungi, C. Pinter, J. Finet, S. Pujol, J. Jagadeesan, J. Tokuda, I. Norton, R. Estepar, D. Gering, H. Aerts, M. Jakab, N. Hata, L. Ibanez, D. Blezek, J. Miller, S. Aylward, W. Grimson, G. Fichtinger, W. Wells, W. Lorensen, W. Schroeder, and R. Kikinis, "Increasing the impact of medical image computing using community-based open-access hackathons: The NA-MIC and 3D Slicer experience," Medical Image Analysis, vol. 33, pp. 176-180, Oct. 2016. [URL]
  16. S. Shelton, B. Lindsey, R. Gessner, Y. Lee, S. Aylward, H. Lee, E. Cherin, F. Foster, and P. Dayton, "Acoustic angiography: a new high frequency contrast ultrasound technique for biomedical imaging," in SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging, 2016. [URL]
  17. S. Aylward, M. McCormick, H. Kang, S. Razzaque, R. Kwitt, and M. Niethammer, "Ultrasound spectroscopy," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, 2016. [URL]
  18. D. Zukić, J. Vicory, M. McCormick, L. Wisse, G. Gerig, P. Yushkevich, and S. Aylward, "nD morphological contour interpolation," The Insight Journal, 2016. [URL]
  19. X. Yang, X. Han, E. Park, S. Aylward, R. Kwitt, and M. Niethammer, "Registration of Pathological Images," in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging, 2016. [URL]
  20. B. Paniagua, D. Zukić, R. Ortiz, S. Aylward, B. Golden, T. Nguyen, and A. Enquobahrie, "Ultrasound-Guided Navigation System for Orthognathic Surgery," in MICCAI Workshop on Augmented Environments for Computer-Assisted Interventions, 2015. [URL]
  21. S. Shelton, Y. Lee, M. Lee, E. Cherin, F. Foster, S. Aylward, and P. Dayton, "Quantification of Microvascular Tortuosity during Tumor Evolution Using Acoustic Angiography," Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1896-1904, Jul. 2015. [URL]
  22. X. Liu, M. Niethammer, R. Kwitt, N. Singh, M. McCormick, and S. Aylward, "Low-Rank Atlas Image Analyses in the Presence of Pathologies," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2583-2591, Dec. 2015. [URL]
  23. R. Kwitt, S. Razzaque, J. Lowell, and S. Aylward, "Variability sensitivity of dynamic texture based recognition in clinical CT data," in SPIE Medical Imaging, 2014. [URL]
  24. J. Finet, R. Ortiz, J. Andruejol, A. Enquobahrie, J. Jomier, J. Payne, and S. Aylward, "Bender: An Open Source Software for Efficient Model Posing and Morphing," in Biomedical Simulation. Springer International Publishing, 2014, pp. 203-210. [URL]
  25. X. Liu, M. Niethammer, R. Kwitt, M. McCormick, and S. Aylward, "Low-Rank to the Rescue – Atlas-Based Analyses in the Presence of Pathologies," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2014. [URL]
  26. R. Kwitt, N. Vasconcelos, S. Razzaque, and S. Aylward, "Localizing target structures in ultrasound video – A phantom study," Medical Image Analysis, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 712-722, Oct. 2013. [URL]
  27. D. Pace, S. Aylward, and M. Niethammer, "A Locally Adaptive Regularization Based on Anisotropic Diffusion for Deformable Image Registration of Sliding Organs," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 2114-2126, Nov. 2013. [URL]
  28. B. Paniagua, O. Emodi, J. Hill, J. Fishbaugh, L. Pimenta, S. Aylward, A. Enquobahrie, G. Gerig, J. Gilmore, J. van Aalst, and M. Styner, "3D of brain shape and volume after cranial vault remodeling surgery for craniosynostosis correction in infants," in SPIE Medical Imaging, 2013. [URL]
  29. V. Revanna Shivaprabhu, A. Enquobahrie, Z. Mullen, and S. Aylward, "Accelerating ultrasound image analysis research through publically available database," in SPIE Medical Imaging, 2013. [URL]
  30. A. Enquobahrie, V. Shivaprabhu, S. Aylward, J. Finet, K. Cleary, and R. Alterovitz, "Patient-specific port placement for laparoscopic surgery using atlas-based registration," in SPIE Medical Imaging, 2013. [URL]
  31. R. Gessner, A. Hanson, S. Feingold, A. Cashion, A. Corcimaru, B. Wu, C. Mullins, S. Aylward, L. Reid, and P. Dayton, "Functional ultrasound imaging for assessment of extracellular matrix scaffolds used for liver organoid formation," Biomaterials, vol. 34, no. 37, pp. 9341-9351, Dec. 2013. [URL]
  32. R. Kwitt, D. Pace, M. Niethammer, and S. Aylward, "Studying Cerebral Vasculature Using Structure Proximity and Graph Kernels," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2013. [URL]
  33. R. Gessner, S. Aylward, and P. Dayton, "Mapping Microvasculature with Acoustic Angiography Yields Quantifiable Differences between Healthy and Tumor-bearing Tissue Volumes in a Rodent Model," Radiology, vol. 264, no. 3, pp. 733-740, Sep. 2012. [URL]
  34. A. Fedorov, R. Beichel, J. Kalpathy-Cramer, J. Finet, J. Fillion-Robin, S. Pujol, C. Bauer, D. Jennings, F. Fennessy, M. Sonka, J. Buatti, S. Aylward, J. Miller, S. Pieper, and R. Kikinis, "3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network," Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1323-1341, Nov. 2012. [URL]
  35. T. Kapur, S. Pieper, R. Whitaker, S. Aylward, M. Jakab, W. Schroeder, and R. Kikinis, "The National Alliance for Medical Image Computing, a roadmap initiative to build a free and open source software infrastructure for translational research in medical image analysis," Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 176-180, Mar. 2012. [URL]
  36. R. Gessner, S. Aylward, and P. Dayton, "Imaging tortuosity: the potential utility of acoustic angiography in cancer detection and tumor assessment," Imaging in Medicine, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 581-583, Dec. 2012. [URL]
  37. A. Irimia, B. Wang, S. Aylward, M. Prastawa, D. Pace, G. Gerig, D. Hovda, R. Kikinis, P. Vespa, and J. Van Horn, "Neuroimaging of structural pathology and connectomics in traumatic brain injury: Toward personalized outcome prediction," NeuroImage: Clinical, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2012. [URL]
  38. D. Testi, D. Giunchi, G. Clapworthy, S. Aylward, X. Planes, and R. Christie, "New interactive visualisation of multiscale biomedical data," in ACM SIGGRAPH 2012 Posters on - SIGGRAPH '12, 2012. [URL]
  39. D. Pace, M. Niethammer, and S. Aylward, "Sliding Geometries in Deformable Image Registration," in Abdominal Imaging. Computational and Clinical Applications, 2012. [URL]
  40. R. Kwitt, N. Vasconcelos, S. Razzaque, and S. Aylward, "Recognition in Ultrasound Videos: Where Am I?," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2012. [URL]
  41. M. Audette, D. Rivière, C. Law, L. Ibanez, S. Aylward, J. Finet, X. Wu, and M. Ewend, "Approach-specific multi-grid anatomical modeling for neurosurgery simulation with public-domain and open-source software," in Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering, 2011.
  42. D. Pace, A. Enquobahrie, H. Yang, S. Aylward, and M. Niethammer, "Deformable image registration of sliding organs using anisotropic diffusive regularization," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, 2011. [URL]
  43. M. Niethammer, G. Hart, D. Pace, P. Vespa, A. Irimia, J. Van Horn, and S. Aylward, "Geometric Metamorphosis," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2011. [URL]
  44. R. Gessner, R. Kothadia, S. Feingold, S. Aylward, E. Bullitt, and P. Dayton, "Blood vessel structural morphology derived from 3D dual-frequency ultrasound images," in 2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, 2010. [URL]
  45. E. Bullitt, D. Zeng, B. Mortamet, A. Ghosh, S. Aylward, W. Lin, B. Marks, and K. Smith, "The effects of healthy aging on intracerebral blood vessels visualized by magnetic resonance angiography," Neurobiology of Aging, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 290-300, Feb. 2010. [URL]
  46. G. Piliere, M. Van Horn, R. Dixon, J. Stavas, S. Aylward, and E. Bullitt, "Vessel target location estimation during the TIPS procedure," Medical Image Analysis, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 519-529, Jun. 2009. [URL]
  47. J. Jomier, S. Aylward, C. Marion, J. Lee, and M. Styner, "A digital archiving system and distributed server-side processing of large datasets," in SPIE Medical Imaging, 2009. [URL]
  48. J. Lee, J. Jomier, S. Aylward, M. Tyszka, S. Moy, J. Lauder, and M. Styner, "Evaluation of atlas based mouse brain segmentation," in SPIE Medical Imaging, 2009. [URL]
  49. E. Bullitt, M. Ewend, J. Vredenburgh, A. Friedman, W. Lin, K. Wilber, D. Zeng, S. Aylward, and D. Reardon, "Computerized assessment of vessel morphological changes during treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: Report of a case imaged serially by MRA over four years," NeuroImage, vol. 47, pp. T143-T151, Aug. 2009. [URL]
  50. I. Oguz, J. Cates, T. Fletcher, R. Whitaker, D. Cool, S. Aylward, and M. Styner, "Cortical correspondence using entropy-based particle systems and local features," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, 2008. [URL]
  51. Z. Zhao, D. Wallace, S. Freedman, and S. Aylward, "A tool for computer-aided diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity," in Medical Imaging, 2008. [URL]
  52. E. Bullitt, S. Aylward, T. Van Dyke, and W. Lin, "Computer-assisted measurement of vessel shape from 3T magnetic resonance angiography of mouse brain," Methods, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 29-34, Sep. 2007. [URL]
  53. A. Enquobahrie, P. Cheng, K. Gary, L. Ibanez, D. Gobbi, F. Lindseth, Z. Yaniv, S. Aylward, J. Jomier, and K. Cleary, "The Image-Guided Surgery Toolkit IGSTK: An Open Source C++ Software Toolkit," Journal of Digital Imaging, vol. 20, no. S1, pp. 21-33, Nov. 2007. [URL]
  54. P. Cheng, L. Ibanez, D. Gobbi, K. Gary, S. Aylward, J. Jomier, A. Enquobahrie, H. Zhang, H. Kim, M. Blake, and K. Cleary, "The Image-Guided Surgery ToolKit IGSTK: an open source C++ software toolkit," in SPIE Medical Imaging, 2007. [URL]
  55. S. DiMaio, T. Kapur, K. Cleary, S. Aylward, P. Kazanzides, K. Vosburgh, R. Ellis, J. Duncan, K. Farahani, H. Lemke, T. Peters, W. Lorensen, D. Gobbi, J. Haller, L. Clarke, S. Pizer, R. Taylor, R. Galloway, G. Fichtinger, N. Hata, K. Lawson, C. Tempany, R. Kikinis, and F. Jolesz, "Challenges in image-guided therapy system design," NeuroImage, vol. 37, pp. S144-S151, Jan. 2007. [URL]
  56. S. Aylward, J. Jomier, S. Barre, B. Davis, and L. Ibanez, "Optimizing ITK's Registration Methods for Multi-processor, Shared-memory Systems," in MICCAI Workshop on Open Source and Open Data, 2007.
  57. P. Cheng, H. Zhang, H. Kim, K. Gary, M. Blake, D. Gobbi, S. Aylward, J. Jomier, A. Enquobahrie, R. Avila, L. Ibanez, and K. Cleary, "IGSTK: Framework and example application using an open source toolkit for image-guided surgery applications," in SPIE Medical Imaging, 2006. [URL]
  58. K. Gary, L. Ibanez, S. Aylward, D. Gobbi, M. Blake, and K. Cleary, "IGSTK: An Open Source Software Toolkit for Image-Guided Surgery," Computer, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 46-53, Apr. 2006. [URL]
  59. L. Ibanez, R. Avila, and S. Aylward, "Open Source and Open Science: How it is Changing the Medical Imaging Community," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, 2006. [URL]
  60. J. Jomier, E. Bullitt, M. Van Horn, C. Pathak, and S. Aylward, "3D/2D Model-to-Image Registration Applied to TIPS Surgery," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2006. [URL]
  61. E. Bullitt, D. Zeng, G. Gerig, S. Aylward, S. Joshi, J. Smith, W. Lin, and M. Ewend, "Vessel Tortuosity and Brain Tumor Malignancy," Academic Radiology, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1232-1240, Oct. 2005. [URL]
  62. S. Aylward, K. Cleary, and D. Hawkes, "Intraoperative Image Processing for Surgical Guidance," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1401-1404, Nov. 2005. [URL]
  63. E. Cole, E. Pisano, D. Zeng, K. Muller, S. Aylward, S. Park, C. Kuzmiak, M. Koomen, D. Pavic, R. Walsh, J. Baker, E. Gimenez, and R. Freimanis, "The Effects of Gray Scale Image Processing on Digital Mammography Interpretation Performance1," Academic Radiology, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 585-595, May 2005. [URL]
  64. E. Bullitt, K. Muller, I. Jung, W. Lin, and S. Aylward, "Analyzing attributes of vessel populations," Medical Image Analysis, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 39-49, Feb. 2005. [URL]
  65. D. Shelton, G. Stetten, S. Aylward, L. Ibáñez, A. Cois, and C. Stewart, "Teaching medical image analysis with the Insight Toolkit," Medical Image Analysis, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 605-611, Dec. 2005. [URL]
  66. E. Bullitt and S. Aylward, "Visualizing blood vessel trees in three dimensions: clinical applications," in Medical Imaging, 2005. [URL]
  67. L. Ibanez, G. Kindlmann, and S. Aylward, "Hot topics in 3D medical image visualization," in ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses on - SIGGRAPH '05, 2005. [URL]
  68. Z. Zhao, S. Aylward, and E. Teoh, "A novel 3D partitioned active shape model for segmentation of brain MR images," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2005.
  69. J. Jomier, V. LeDigarcher, and S. Aylward, "Automatic vascular tree formation using the Mahalanobis distance," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2005.
  70. J. Jomier, V. LeDigarcher, and S. Aylward, "Comparison of Vessel Segmentations Using STAPLE," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2005. [URL]
  71. S. Aylward, J. Jomier, C. Vivert, V. LeDigarcher, and E. Bullitt, "Spatial graphs for intra-cranial vascular network characterization, generation, and discrimination," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2005.
  72. Y. Fridman, S. Pizer, S. Aylward, and E. Bullitt, "Extracting branching tubular object geometry via cores," Medical Image Analysis, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 169-176, Sep. 2004. [URL]
  73. J. Jomier, S. Weeks, and S. Aylward, "Vascular image registration for intra-operative 3D ultrasound annotation," International Congress Series, vol. 1268, pp. 1308, Jun. 2004. [URL]
  74. K. Tucker, K. Robertson, W. Lin, J. Smith, H. An, Y. Chen, S. Aylward, and C. Hall, "Neuroimaging in human immunodeficiency virus infection," Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 157, no. 1-2, pp. 153-162, Dec. 2004. [URL]
  75. E. Bullitt, M. Ewend, S. Aylward, W. Lin, G. Gerig, S. Joshi, I. Jung, K. Muller, and J. Smith, "Abnormal Vessel Tortuosity as a Marker of Treatment Response of Malignant Gliomas: Preliminary Report," Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 577-584, Dec. 2004. [URL]
  76. K. Kocis, M. Cereda, C. Kuroda, H. Hurd, S. Aylward, E. Freid, J. Yankaskas, and W. Sternberger, "AREADI, A NOVEL ULTRASOUND METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING DIAPHRAGM FUNCTION IN ADULTS: 394," Critical Care Medicine, vol. 32, no. 12, 2004. [URL]
  77. J. Jomier, E. Rault, and S. Aylward, "Automatic quantification of pupil dilation under stress," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, 2004. [URL]
  78. E. Bullitt, I. Jung, K. Muller, G. Gerig, S. Aylward, S. Joshi, K. Smith, W. Lin, and M. Ewend, "Determining Malignancy of Brain Tumors by Analysis of Vessel Shape," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2004. [URL]
  79. E. Bullitt, G. Gerig, S. Pizer, W. Lin, and S. Aylward, "Measuring tortuosity of the intracerebral vasculature from MRA images," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1163-1171, Sep. 2003. [URL]
  80. S. Pizer, G. Gerig, S. Joshi, and S. Aylward, "Multiscale medial shape-based analysis of image objects," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 91, no. 10, pp. 1670-1679, Oct. 2003. [URL]
  81. S. Aylward, J. Jomier, S. Weeks, and E. Bullitt, "Registration and Analysis of Vascular Images," International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 55, no. 2-3, pp. 123-138, Nov. 2003. [URL]
  82. D. Wallace, J. Jomier, S. Aylward, and M. Landers, "Computer-automated quantification of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity," Journal of AAPOS: the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 126-130, Apr. 2003. [URL]
  83. S. Aylward and E. Bullitt, "Clinical Applications Involving Vascular Image Segmentation and Registration," in Angiography and plaque imaging: advanced segmentation techniques. CRC Press, 2003, pp. 451-499.
  84. D. Wallace, A. Capone, Jr., J. Jomier, S. Aylward, M. Landers, III, and M. Trese, "Computer Automated Quantification of Plus Disease in RetCam Images of Retinopathy of Prematurity," in Proceedings of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthamology Annual Meeting, 2003.
  85. B. Jolly, M. Van Horn, S. Aylward, and E. Bullitt, "Needle Detection and Tracking in the TIPS Endovascular Procedure," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2003. [URL]
  86. J. Jomier, D. Wallace, and S. Aylward, "Quantification of Retinopathy of Prematurity via Vessel Segmentation," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2003. [URL]
  87. Y. Fridman, S. Pizer, S. Aylward, and E. Bullitt, "Segmenting 3D Branching Tubular Structures Using Cores," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2003. [URL]
  88. D. Cool, D. Chillet, J. Kim, J. Guyon, M. Foskey, and S. Aylward, "Tissue-Based Affine Registration of Brain Images to form a Vascular Density Atlas," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2003. [URL]
  89. J. Guyon, M. Foskey, J. Kim, Z. Firat, B. Davis, K. Haneke, and S. Aylward, "VETOT, Volume Estimation and Tracking Over Time: Framework and Validation," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2003. [URL]
  90. D. Chillet, J. Jomier, D. Cool, and S. Aylward, "Vascular Atlas Formation Using a Vessel-to-Image Affine Registration Method," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2003. [URL]
  91. E. Bullitt, G. Gerig, S. Aylward, S. Joshi, K. Smith, M. Ewend, and W. Lin, "Vascular Attributes and Malignant Brain Tumors," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2003. [URL]
  92. S. Aylward and E. Bullitt, "Initialization, noise, singularities, and scale in height ridge traversal for tubular object centerline extraction," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 61-75, Feb. 2002. [URL]
  93. E. Bullitt and S. Aylward, "Patient-specific vascular models for endovascular and open operative procedures," International Congress Series, vol. 1247, pp. 129-138, Dec. 2002. [URL]
  94. E. Bullitt and S. Aylward, "Volume rendering of segmented image objects," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 998-1002, Aug. 2002. [URL]
  95. S. Aylward, "Continuous mixture modeling via goodness-of-fit ridges," Pattern Recognition, vol. 35, pp. 1821-1833, 2002.
  96. S. Aylward, J. Jomier, J. Guyon, and S. Weeks, "Intra-operative 3D ultrasound augmentation," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, 2002. [URL]
  97. L. Ibanez, L. Ng, J. Gee, and S. Aylward, "Registration patterns: the generic framework for image registration of the insight toolkit," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, 2002. [URL]
  98. T. Yoo, M. Ackerman, W. Lorensen, W. Schroeder, V. Chalana, S. Aylward, D. Metaxas, and W. Ross, "Engineering and Algorithm Design for an Image Processing API: A Technical Report on ITK - the Insight Toolkit," in Proceedings of the Medicine Meets Virtual Reality Conference, 2002. [URL]
  99. E. Bullitt, S. Aylward, E. Bernard, and G. Gerig, "Computer-assisted visualization of arteriovenous malformations on the home personal computer," Neurosurgery, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 576-582; discussion 582-583, Mar. 2001.
  100. E. Bullitt, S. Aylward, K. Smith, S. Mukherji, M. Jiroutek, and K. Muller, "Symbolic description of intracerebral vessels segmented from magnetic resonance angiograms and evaluation by comparison with X-ray angiograms," Medical Image Analysis, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 157-169, Jun. 2001.
  101. E. Bullitt and S. Aylward, "Analysis of time-varying images using 3D vascular models," in Proceedings of the IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, 2001. [URL]
  102. S. Aylward, S. Weeks, and E. Bullitt, "Analysis of the Parameter Space of a Metric for Registering 3D Vascular Images," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2001. [URL]
  103. M. Rosenthal, S. Weeks, S. Aylward, E. Bullitt, and H. Fuchs, "Intraoperative Tracking of Anatomical Structures Using Fluoroscopy and a Vascular Balloon Catheter," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2001. [URL]
  104. E. Bullitt and S. Aylward, "Volume Rendering of Segmented Tubular Objects," in Proceedings of the Internation Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, 2001. [URL]
  105. E. Pisano, E. Cole, B. Hemminger, M. Yaffe, S. Aylward, A. Maidment, R. Johnston, M. Williams, L. Niklason, E. Conant, L. Fajardo, D. Kopans, M. Brown, and S. Pizer, "Image Processing Algorithms for Digital Mammography: A Pictorial Essay," RadioGraphics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1479-1491, Sep. 2000. [URL]
  106. E. Pisano, E. Cole, S. Major, S. Zong, B. Hemminger, K. Muller, R. Johnston, R. Walsh, E. Conant, L. Fajardo, S. Feig, R. Nishikawa, M. Yaffe, M. Williams, and S. Aylward, "Radiologists’ Preferences for Digital Mammographic Display," Radiology, vol. 216, no. 3, pp. 820-830, Sep. 2000. [URL]
  107. R. Gerstle, S. Aylward, S. Kromhout-Schiro, and S. Mukherji, "The role of neural networks in improving the accuracy of MR spectroscopy for the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma," American journal of neuroradiology, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1133-1138, 2000.
  108. E. Bullitt, A. Liu, S. Aylward, C. Coffey, J. Stone, S. Mukherji, K. Muller, and S. Pizer, "Registration of 3D cerebral vessels with 2D digital angiograms: Clinical evaluation," Academic Radiology, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 539-546, Sep. 1999. [URL]
  109. B. Hemminger, E. Cole, S. Zong, M. Yaffe, S. Aylward, A. Maidment, M. Williams, L. Niklason, R. Johnston, and E. Pisano, "Evaluation of digital processing methods for the display of digital mammography," in SPIE Medical Imaging, 1999. [URL]
  110. E. Bullitt, S. Aylward, A. Liu, J. Stone, S. Mukherji, C. Coffey, G. Gerig, and S. Pizer, "3D Graph Description of the Intracerebral Vasculature from Segmented MRA and Tests of Accuracy by Comparison with X-ray Angiograms," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging, 1999. [URL]
  111. S. Aylward, B. Hemminger, and E. Pisano, "Mixture Modeling for Digital Mammogram Display and Analysis," in Digital Mammography. Springer Netherlands, 1998, pp. 305-312. [URL]
  112. E. Bullitt, A. Liu, S. Aylward, M. Soltys, J. Rosenman, and S. Pizer, "Methods for displaying intracerebral vascular anatomy," American journal of neuroradiology, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 417-420, Mar. 1997.
  113. E. Bullitt, A. Liu, S. Aylward, and S. Pizer, "3D reconstruction of aneurysms from projection angiograms," British Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 458-459, Jan. 1997.
  114. S. Aylward, "Continuous mixture modeling via goodness-of-fit cores," Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1997.
  115. S. Aylward and S. Pizer, "Continuous Gaussian mixture modeling," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging, 1997. [URL]
  116. E. Bullitt, A. Liu, S. Aylward, and S. Pizer, "Reconstruction of the intracerebral vasculature from MRA and a pair of projection views," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging, 1997. [URL]
  117. S. Aylward, E. Bullitt, S. Pizer, and D. Eberly, "Intensity ridge and widths for tubular object segmentation and description," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis, 1996. [URL]
  118. G. Peterson, D. St. Clair, S. Aylward, and W. Bond, "Using Taguchi's method of experimental design to control errors in layered perceptrons," IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 949-961, Jul. 1995. [URL]
  119. S. Aylward, J. Coggins, T. Cizadlo, and N. Andreasen, "Spatially invariant classification of tissues in MR images," in Visualization in Biomedical Computing 1994, 1994. [URL]
  120. D. St. Clair, G. Peterson, S. Aylward, and W. Bond, "Design techniques for the control of errors in backpropagation neural networks," in Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, 1993. [URL]
  121. R. Anderson and S. Aylward, "Lab testing of neural networks for improved aircraft onboard-diagnostics on flight-ready hardware," in Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 1993. [URL]
  122. D. St. Clair, W. Bond, A. Rigler, and S. Aylward, "An evaluation of learning performance in backpropagation neural networks and decision-tree classifier systems," in Proceedings of the 1992 ACM/SIGAPP symposium on Applied computing technological challenges of the 1990's - SAC '92, 1992. [URL]
  123. W. Bond, D. St. Clair, M. Amirfathi, C. Merz, and S. Aylward, "Neural network analysis of nondestructive evaluation patterns," in Proceedings of the 1992 ACM/SIGAPP symposium on Applied computing technological challenges of the 1990's - SAC '92, 1992. [URL]
  124. S. Aylward and R. Anderson, "An algorithm for neural network architecture generation," in 8th Computing in Aerospace Conference, 1991. [URL]

Bibliography generated 2023-12-04-16:40:27 (6744)

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